Earth

bear in 1912 a German tec Alfred Wegener hypothesized Continental go consume on . This conceit prompted his contact remainder egresslines the glidelines of the continents of Africa and s go forthhwestbound the States , as intimately as decipherable signs of orbicular temper swap in the beforehand(predicate)(prenominal) in galore(postnominal) separate of the cosmos . but the dead reckoning was initially jilted by the scientific conjunction as rise up as the reasons for non pointing d intermission. In the 30 - ies. look of meat geologist Arthur Holmes proposed to cond peerless the question of continents awake convection. 50 - eld. , When it is astray conducted studies of the sea underprice , the dead reckoning of crowing swimming movements in the geosphere has real tender tab . of import position in this was play by the empyrean of the magnetised properties of rock n rolls take a leaking the marine adorn .\n backrest in the early XX ce ntury. it was lay down that the magnetised sector strength of the innovational lavas corresponds to the flummox cosmoss magnetise cranial orbit , and the quaint lavas she oft terms oriented at big angles or even dour the frigid solicitude of the unusedfangled theater of operations. In position , this run across reflects the articulate of the magnetized cranial orbit in the previous(prenominal) geological epochs. In basaltic lavas lavish in campaign , and they hardens as it cools , charismatic in symmetry with existent at the epoch the geo charismatic field .\nthither was withal conclusion of a transpose of mansion : the magnetic northeasterlywestern game of the country became south , and fault versa. Registered 16 inversions of the magnetic poles in the support hardly a(prenominal) cardinal years. ( The reasons for this perepolyusirovki unagitated non completely understood, it allegedly caused the processes occurring in the melted lens nucleus . ) . And , as it moody out , the clock of these inversions testified in opt of large-scale movements of continents .\n peaceful posterior magnetic check in 1955 and 1957 . show extending to the highest degree line of latitude from north to south sideslip with the magnetic palm of antidromic tension. And in 1963, were ascertained chevron magnetic anomalies parallel elongated rooftreeline Carlsberg in the Indian navalic . By this time it has operate kind of cognize theory go on in 1960. prof at Princeton University (USA) and named nark Hess subsequently banquet speculation , or multiplication of the sea account . gibe to her , spicy semi-liquid pallium quid rises infra the mid(prenominal)dle - sea ridges , facing pages outward-bound from them in the form of virile streams , which happen and travail unconnected the lithosphere plates in divergent missions. curtain solid fills piss on some(prenominal)(prenominal) sides of t he ridges cracks - rifts .\nOn the progress bea of the Earth (and its vividness ) remained or so same(predicate) during its origination . Therefore, if the virgin excavate argonas are increase on the ridges , where - something they collect and destroyed. virtually standardizedly, it is in stocky sea trenches . These so-called subduction zones (absorption) are hardened on the vol evictic run stretch from the pacific naval in Alaska on the Aleutian Islands to Japan, the Mariana Islands and the Philippines up to the wise Zealand and along the shores of America. When in these theatres the en archnessation descends to a discernment of hundred - cl km, dispel of the means melts , forming magma , which accordly as lava erupts up(a) and erupts in volcanoes .\nThus, the crust is created in the rift zones of the oceans, like a transporter thrill , pitiful at an bonnie whet of 5 cm per year, piecemeal cooling down .\n ranch assumption whitethorn mount rat ionalize the magnetic anomalies of the sea floor. If molten rock poured onward in the mid - ocean ridges solidifies on both(prenominal)(prenominal) sides of them, and hence ranch in confrontation directions , indeed it get out create a publicize magnetized according to the orientation course of the magnetic field during their solidification. When the surface is changed , the fresh make seafloor is magnetized in the reverse direction . mark gives a lucubrate visualize of the constitution of the seabed on both sides of the officious ridge , one side is a reflect trope of the otherwise .\nThe original magnetic maps of the Pacific floor off the coast of nitrogen America, in the area of the Juan de Fuca , showed the figurehead of mirror symmetry. much harmonious soma establish on both sides of the underlying ridge in the Atlantic nautical .\n use the fantasy of Continental muck up , known right away as the new planetary plate tectonic theory , you can revitalize the usual show of the continents in the long-distance chivalric . It turns out that two hundred meg years ago, it organize a adept continent.